甬台温海岸带景观格局及生态脆弱性时空演变特征

[目的]分析浙江省宁波市、台州市及温州市的海岸带土地利用景观格局及生态脆弱性演变特征,以促进海岸带地区可持续发展,为生态建设及修复提供理论支撑。[方法]基于甬台温海岸带1995—2015年三期土地利用数据,采用"压力度—敏感度—恢复力"评价模型对研究区进行景观类型脆弱度和生态脆弱度评测。[结果]①景观格局变化表现为:耕地面积减少最多,其次为滩涂和林地;建设用地面积增加最多;耕地、林地斑块数量增多,呈破碎化趋势。②生态脆弱度高区域集中在杭州湾南岸的余姚市、慈溪市和台州湾的路桥区,20 a来研究区高脆弱度区域增多,整体生态脆弱度增加。③区域生态脆弱度与扰动指数、破碎度呈显著正相关,和景观脆弱度指数则完全相关。[结论]甬台温海岸带景观类型变化明显,生态脆弱性增强。     

B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma with multinucleated giant cells in a cat

A 10-year-old male mixed breed cat died after six months history of intermittent vomiting and weight loss. At necropsy, large white-colored foci were found in both kidneys, and whitish thickening of the gastric wall was present at the pyloric part of the stomach. Histopathological examination revealed that both lesions consisted of proliferation of large-sized neoplastic lymphocytes intermingled with multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for both B-cell antigen receptor complex (CD 79 alpha cy) and MHC class II, although multinucleated giant cells were negative. The present case was diagnosed as B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma with multinucleated giant cells.     

Efficacy of an injectable formulation of eprinomectin against Psoroptes cuniculi, the ear mange mite in rabbits

Thirty rabbits naturally infected with ear mange mite, Psoroptes cuniculi, were subcutaneously administrated with a single dose of eprinomectin at 100, 200 and 300 microg/kg body weight or vehicle on day 0. The extent of lesions was scored on day -6 (prior to treatment), day 0 (treated), days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, the ear scabs were collected simultaneously; mites in scabs were examined and counted. The results showed that a single dose of eprinomectin at 200 or 300 microg/kg body weight following subcutaneous administration was able to eliminate P. cuniculi infection in rabbits, and a dose of eprinomectin at 100 microg/kg could significantly reduce mites but was unable to eliminate P. cuniculi.     

Ribavirin, a nucleoside with potential insecticidal activity

BACKGROUND: The triazole-based antiviral nucleoside ribavirin exhibited significant in vitro insecticidal effects against Spodoptera litura, a finding that has prompted further investigations into its in vivo insecticidal properties and mode of action against this insect pest. RESULTS: Ribavirin showed delayed insecticidal effects on third-instar larvae of S. litura at a concentration of 1 mg mL⁻¹. When incorporated into an artificial diet, ribavirin caused various effects, depending on the concentration used. Compared with controls, food intake was lower, larval growth was reduced and larval development prolonged. Pupae weight was reduced, and adult morphology was also affected. Relative to the untreated group, treated groups showed higher mortality at larval and pupal stages, which was generally caused by moult disruption. Results of this study with ribavirin resemble those found in treatment with insect growth regulators. CONCLUSION: This work shows that ribavirin merits further study as a lead compound in a novel class of potential insect control agents or for managing field populations of Lepidoptera pests on cruciferous crops. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

广元市食用菌生产现状及发展对策

广元市属食用菌重点产区,但存在产量低、结构不合理、菌林矛盾突出、龙头企业带动能力弱、菌种管理力度不强等问题。调整菌业结构、加大科研投入、培植新的增长点,强化品牌建设,提高食用菌产品附加值,实现规模化、标准化栽培是发展壮大广元市食用菌产业的必由之路。     

Selection of In Vitro-Matured Porcine Oocytes Based on Localization Patterns of Lipid Droplets to Evaluate Developmental Competence

Localization patterns of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of porcine oocytes were evaluated as a novel marker for in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes with high developmental competence. Porcine oocytes were cultured in TCM-199, which is a complete synthetic medium, for 44 h at 38.5 C. Localization patterns were divided into 2 classes: lipid droplets localized uniformly in the whole cytoplasm (class I) and those that were centrally located (class II). After IVM in TCM-199, 60% of matured oocytes exhibited the class II pattern. To investigate the relation between the distribution of lipid droplets and the developmental rate of the oocyte, the developmental rates of class I and class II oocytes were compared after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Class II oocytes showed a significantly higher rate of blastocyst development than class I oocytes. These results suggest that porcine oocytes with high developmental competence can be selected based on the localization patterns of lipid droplets.     

不同品种藜麦苗期对海拔变化的生理响应

为研究不同品种藜麦幼苗对海拔梯度变化的生理响应机制,本试验以4个藜麦品种—‘陇藜1号’、‘陇藜2号’、‘陇藜3号’及‘陇藜4号’为材料,选取甘南州临潭县3个不同海拔(2380 m,2580 m,2780 m)分布区为试验地。通过测定幼苗生物量及生理生化指标,分析不同藜麦品种幼苗在不同海拔试验区的生理响应机制,为建立藜麦品种和环境相适宜的评价体系提供参考依据。结果表明,随海拔升高,藜麦叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)含量逐渐降低,海拔2780 m最低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)逐渐升高,在海拔2780 m达到最大值;超氧阴离子(O2·-)产生速率呈现先升高后降低的趋势。不同藜麦品种幼苗生物量随着海拔的升高逐渐降低。说明高海拔下太阳辐射强度增大、温度降低,导致藜麦幼苗植株抗氧化酶活性升高以清除多余活性氧(ROS)自由基,使得植株能够适应高海拔环境而正常生长,但生物量较低海拔仍有降低。因此,不同品种藜麦在低海拔地区受到的胁迫较低,虽然在高海拔区域胁迫加剧,但藜麦幼苗可以正常生长并进行干物质的积累。     

基施沼渣液替代化肥氮对葡萄产量及品质的影响

以氮元素含量为定量指标,设计1个全施化肥处理和5个基施沼渣液替代化肥氮处理,以期为大面积生产葡萄园基肥施用沼渣液技术的推广和应用提供一定的理论参考。研究结果表明,随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄产量呈现先增加后下降的趋势,100%NZY处理产量最高,为18197.03 kg/hm ²;粒重和穗重呈现同样的变化趋势。随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,萌芽至成熟天数、叶片SPAD值、新梢节间长、粗度、百叶鲜重及单叶面积等生长指标都呈现逐渐增加的趋势,其中以150%NZY处理最高,表现出成熟期延迟,贪青晚熟,从而影响产量。基施沼渣液替代化肥氮可改善葡萄果粒品质,以70%NZY和100%NZY处理较好。随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄果粒重金属Cu、Zn和Pb含量均有所增加,Cr含量则有所下降,Cd和As含量无明显变化。各处理中葡萄果粒重金属含量均低于相应的污染物限量标准(GB 2762—2005)。因此,本研究认为,综合葡萄产量和品质指标,沼渣液替代100%化肥氮可作为葡萄园定量化基施沼渣液的参考。     

海拔对藜麦苗期生理指标的影响

选择甘肃省不同海拔地区,以国内首个藜麦品种陇藜1号为材料,测定不同海拔对藜麦苗期叶片生理指标的影响。结果表明,随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量先升高后下降;MDA含量和O_2~-产生速率升高后下降再升高,在海拔最高(2 130 m)处达到最大值;SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性先升高后下降。说明随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片通过积累渗透调节物质和提高抗氧化酶活性,以清除多余的活性氧物质,维持细胞渗透势平衡,缓解环境变化对其生长造成的伤害。